Coping with human disturbance: spatial and temporal tactics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos)
Abstract
In human-dominated landscapes, species with large spatial requirements, such as large carnivores, have to deal with human infrastructure and activities within their home ranges. This is the case for the brown bear (Ursus arctos L., 1758) in Scandinavia, which is colonizing more human-dominated landscapes, leading inevitably to an overlap between their home ranges and anthropogenic structures. In this study, we investigated fine-scale habitat selection by brown bears to examine how they deal with this potential disturbance. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data, we studied (i) habitat selection of female brown bears within their home range and (ii) the influence of diurnal variation in human disturbance on fine-scale habitat use. As expected, females selected habitats within their home range that provided abundant food resources and minimized human-caused disturbance. In addition, our temporal analysis of habitat selection revealed an avoidance of disturbed areas and a selection of slopes by bears during periods of highest human activities, i.e., during daylight hours. We clearly demonstrate the importance of considering the fluctuations in human activity when studying habitat selection, especially at fine spatial scales. Failing to do so may considerably reduce the power to detect important fine-scale habitat-selection behaviors.
Résumé
Dans les paysages dominés par l’homme, les espèces qui requièrent de grands espaces, tels que les grands carnivores, doivent gérer la présence d’infrastructures et d’activités humaines dans leurs domaines vitaux. C’est le cas de l’ours brun (Ursus arctos L., 1758) en Scandinavie, qui colonise de plus en plus les paysages dominés par l’homme, ce qui conduit inévitablement à un chevauchement des domaines vitaux des ours et des infrastructures humaines. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé la sélection de l’habitat par l’ours brun à fine échelle spatiale afin de comprendre comment les ours gèrent cette perturbation potentielle. Nous avons utilisé des données de localisation GPS pour étudier (i) la sélection de l’habitat par les femelles dans leur domaine vital et (ii) l’influence des variations journalières des activités humaines sur la sélection de l’habitat à fine échelle. Les femelles sélectionnent dans leur domaines vitaux les habitats riches en ressources alimentaires et minimisent les perturbations dues à l’homme. De plus, l’analyse temporelle de la sélection de l’habitat révèle un évitement des zones perturbées et une sélection des zones pentues durant les périodes d’activité humaine élevée, c’est-à-dire durant la journée. Nous démontrons clairement l’importance de considérer les fluctuations possibles de l’activité humaine dans les études de sélection de l’habitat. Ne pas en tenir compte peut réduire considérablement le pouvoir de détection d’importants comportements de sélection de l’habitat à fine échelle.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Volume 88 • Number 9 • September 2010
Pages: 875 - 883
History
Received: 15 December 2009
Accepted: 8 July 2010
Version of record online: 24 August 2010
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JodieMartinJ. Martin, MathieuBasilleM. Basille, BramVan MoorterB. Van Moorter, JonasKindbergJ. Kindberg, DominiqueAllainéD. Allainé, and Jon E.SwensonJ.E. Swenson. 2010. Coping with human disturbance: spatial and temporal tactics of the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Canadian Journal of Zoology.
88(9): 875-883. https://doi.org/10.1139/Z10-053
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