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A systematic reappraisal and quantitative study of the nonmarine teleost fishes from the late Maastrichtian of the Western Interior of North America: evidence from vertebrate microfossil localities1

Publication: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
7 December 2020

Abstract

The diversity and distribution of nonmarine teleost fishes in the Western Interior of North America during the late Maastrichtian is documented based on isolated elements from vertebrate microfossil localities in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, the Lance Formation of Wyoming, and the Scollard Formation of Alberta. A minimum of 20 taxa are recognized based on >1900 abdominal centra and tooth-bearing elements. These include two elopomorphs, six osteoglossomorphs, three ostariophysans, one esocid, six acanthomorphs, and two taxa of unknown relationships. These assemblages differ from late Campanian assemblages in the absence of the Clupeomorpha and the presence of the Perciformes. Within the Hell Creek Formation, we record patterns in the relative abundances of the most abundant taxa leading up to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Most notably, acanthomorphs increased in abundance upsection, whereas a group of osteoglossomorphs, represented by Coriops and (or) Lopadichthys, concurrently decreased in abundance. Conversely, some teleosts exhibited more stable or slightly fluctuating relative abundances throughout the formation (Wilsonichthyidae, Esocidae). These late Maastrichtian teleost assemblages are of higher diversity than an early Eocene assemblage from Wyoming preserved under similar taphonomic conditions. This pattern suggests either that lower Cenozoic deposits in the Western Interior are insufficiently sampled or that the K–Pg mass extinction event adversely affected nonmarine teleosts.

Résumé

La diversité et la répartition des poissons téléostéens non marins dans l’intérieur de l’Ouest de l’Amérique du Nord au Maastrichtien tardif sont documentées à la lumière d’éléments isolés issus de localités à microfossiles de vertébrés dans la Formation de Hell Creek du Montana, la Formation de Lance du Wyoming et la Formation de Scollard de l’Alberta. Au moins 20 taxons sont relevés à la lumière de plus de 1 900 centra abdominaux et éléments dentés. Ces taxons comprennent deux élopomorphes, six ostéoglossomorphes, trois ostariophysiens, un ésocidé, six acanthomorphes et deux taxons aux relations inconnues. Ces assemblages se distinguent d’assemblages du Campanien tardif par l’absence de clupéomorphes et la présence de perciformes. Dans la Formation de Hell Creek, nous notons que les abondances relatives des taxons les plus abondants définissent des motifs à l’approche de la limite Crétacé–Paléogène (K–Pg). L’abondance des acanthomorphes augmente notamment vers le haut de la coupe, alors que l’abondance d’un groupe d’ostéoglossomorphes représenté par Coriops et (ou) Lopadichthys présente une diminution concurrente. À l’inverse, certains téléostéens sont caractérisés par des abondances relatives plus stables ou légèrement fluctuantes dans l’ensemble de la formation (wilsonichthyidés, ésocidés). La diversité de ces assemblages de téléostéens du Maastrichtien tardif est plus grande que celle d’un assemblage de l’Éocène précoce du Wyoming préservé dans des conditions taphonomiques semblables. Cette distribution donne à penser que l’échantillonnage des dépôts du Cénozoïque inférieur dans l’intérieur de l’Ouest est insuffisant ou que l’évènement d’extinction massive à la limite K–Pg a eu des effets néfastes sur les téléostéens non marins. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Volume 58Number 9September 2021
Pages: 936 - 967

History

Received: 10 September 2020
Accepted: 28 November 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 7 December 2020
Version of record online: 7 December 2020

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Key Words

  1. Scollard
  2. Hell Creek
  3. Lance
  4. Cretaceous
  5. Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction
  6. Osteoglossomorpha
  7. Elopomorpha
  8. Ostariophysi
  9. Esocidae
  10. Acanthomorpha
  11. diversity

Mots-clés

  1. Scollard
  2. Hell Creek
  3. Lance
  4. Crétacé
  5. extinction massive Crétacé–Paléogène
  6. ostéoglossomorphes
  7. élopomorphes
  8. ostariophysiens
  9. ésocidés
  10. acanthomorphes
  11. diversité

Authors

Affiliations

Donald B. Brinkman [email protected]
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, AB T0J 0Y0, Canada.
Julien D. Divay
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller, AB T0J 0Y0, Canada.
David G. DeMar Jr.
Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
Gregory P. Wilson Mantilla
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Department of Paleontology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Notes

1
This paper is part of a series of invited papers in honour of palaeontologist Dr. Dale Alan Russell (1937–2019).
Copyright remains with the author(s) or their institution(s). Permission for reuse (free in most cases) can be obtained from copyright.com.

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