Assessment of radiocaesium accumulation by hatchery-reared salmonids after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Publication: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences8 September 2014https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0170

Abstract

To understand the process of radiocaesium uptake in salmonids after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, a lake caging experiment and two captive-rearing experiments with controlled radiocaesium concentrations of water and feed were conducted in and around Lake Chuzenji, central Honshu Island, Japan (160 km from the station). Substantial accumulations of radiocaesium were confirmed in muscle of hatchery-reared kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) and masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) after release into the cages, indicating that radionuclide contamination of fish is an ongoing process, 1.5 years after the nuclear accident. Two captive experiments, controlling water and feed radiocaesium levels, showed that direct radiocaesium transfer from water (43 mBq·L–1) in Lake Chuzenji to muscle tissue was undetected, at least during the ∼90-day experimental period, whereas a rapid increase in radiocaesium levels was observed when fish were cultured using radiocaesium-contaminated pellets. The results revealed that radiocaesium contamination in salmonids is mainly via the food chain and that direct intake from water via the skin, gut, and (or) gills has no major direct impact on muscle tissue concentrations.

Résumé

Afin de comprendre le processus d’absorption du césium radioactif dans les salmonidés après l’accident à la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima Dai-ichi, une expérience en cage en lac et deux expériences d’élevage en captivité dans lesquelles les concentrations de césium radioactif dans l’eau et dans les aliments étaient contrôlées ont été menées dans le lac Chuzenji et ses alentours, dans le centre de l’île de Honshu (à 160 km de la centrale, au Japon,). La présence d’importantes accumulations de césium radioactif dans les muscles de saumons rouges (Oncorhynchus nerka) et masou (Oncorhynchus masou) élevés en alevinières après leur lâcher dans des cages a été confirmée, indiquant que la contamination aux radionucléides dans les poissons se poursuit 1,5 an après l’accident nucléaire. Deux expériences en captivité dans lesquelles les concentrations de césium radioactif dans l’eau et dans les aliments étaient contrôlées ont démontré que le transfert direct de césium radioactif de l’eau (43 mBq·L–1) dans le lac Chuzenji vers les tissus musculaires n’était pas détectable au moins pendant les quelque 90 jours qu’ont duré les expériences, alors qu’une augmentation rapide des concentrations de césium radioactif a été observée quand les poissons étaient nourris avec des boulettes contaminées au césium radioactif. Les résultats révèlent que la contamination au césium radioactif dans les salmonidés s’opère principalement par la chaîne alimentaire et que l’absorption directe du césium radioactif dans l’eau à travers la peau, le tube digestif ou les branchies n’a pas d’impact significatif direct sur les concentrations dans les tissus musculaires. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences cover image
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Volume 71Number 122014
Pages: 1772 - 1775

History

Received: 6 April 2014
Accepted: 1 September 2014
Published online: 8 September 2014

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Shoichiro Yamamoto
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
Kouji Mutou
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
Hidefumi Nakamura
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
Kouta Miyamoto
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
Kazuo Uchida
National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
Kaori Takagi
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
Ken Fujimoto
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
Hideki Kaeriyama
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
Tsuneo Ono
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.

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1. Elevated radioactive contamination from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in aquatic biota from a river with a lake in its upper reaches
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