The interactive effects of stream temperature, stream size, and non-native species on Yellowstone cutthroat trout
Publication: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
14 February 2021
Abstract
Climate change and non-native species are considered two of the biggest threats to native salmonids in North America. We evaluated how non-native salmonids and stream temperature and discharge were associated with Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) distribution, abundance, and body size to gain a more complete understanding of the existing threats to native populations. Allopatric Yellowstone cutthroat trout were distributed across a wide range of average August temperatures (3.2 to 17.7 °C), but occurrence significantly declined at colder temperatures (<10 °C) with increasing numbers of non-natives. At warmer temperatures, occurrence remained high, despite sympatry with non-natives. Yellowstone cutthroat trout relative abundance was significantly reduced with increasing abundance of non-natives, with the greatest impacts at colder temperatures. Body sizes of large Yellowstone cutthroat trout (90th percentile) significantly increased with warming temperatures and larger stream size, highlighting the importance of access to these more productive stream segments. Considering multiple population-level attributes demonstrates the complexities of how native salmonids (such as Yellowstone cutthroat trout) are likely to be affected by shifting climates.
Résumé
Les changements climatiques et les espèces non indigènes sont considérés comme constituant deux des plus grandes menaces pour les salmonidés indigènes en Amérique du Nord. Nous avons évalué l’association entre les salmonidés non indigènes et la température et le débit des cours d’eau, d’une part, et la répartition, l’abondance et la taille du corps des truites fardées de Yellowstone (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri), d’autre part, afin d’en arriver à une compréhension plus complète des menaces existantes pour les populations indigènes. Des truites fardées de Yellowstone allopatriques sont réparties sur une grande fourchette de températures moyennes en août (de 3,2 à 17,7 °C), mais leur présence diminue significativement à plus basses températures (<10 °C), le nombre de salmonidés non indigènes augmentant parallèlement. À des températures plus élevées, leur présence demeure élevée, malgré la sympatrie avec des salmonidés non indigènes. L’abondance relative des truites fardées de Yellowstone diminue significativement quand l’abondance des salmonidés non indigènes augmente, les plus grands impacts se produisant à plus basses températures. La taille du corps des grandes truites fardées de Yellowstone (90e percentile) augmente significativement avec l’augmentation des températures et de la taille du cours d’eau, ce qui souligne l’importance de l’accès à ces tronçons plus productifs. La considération de plusieurs attributs à l’échelle de la population fait ressortir les complexités de l’incidence probable de climats changeants sur les salmonidés indigènes (tels que la truite fardée de Yellowstone). [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Volume 78 • Number 8 • August 2021
Pages: 1073 - 1083
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Received: 30 October 2020
Accepted: 25 January 2021
Accepted manuscript online: 14 February 2021
Version of record online: 14 February 2021
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Robert Al-Chokhachy, Mike Lien, Bradley B. Shepard, and Brett High. 2021. The interactive effects of stream temperature, stream size, and non-native species on Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
78(8): 1073-1083. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0408
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