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A typology of potential hydraulic barriers to adult salmon migration in a bedrock river

Publication: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
23 October 2024

Abstract

Adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Fraser River, British Columbia, can die trying to retrace and ascend the river network to their natal spawning grounds due to hydraulic barriers, where encounter velocities exceed swim speeds of adult salmon. We evaluated river hydraulics, river morphology, and swimming ability to better understand these potential hydraulic barriers. A 375 km centerline velocity survey of the Fraser Canyon identified 22 high velocity locations where the distribution of velocity within the reach could produce a hydraulic barrier. We identified and studied three flow types associated with these 22 high velocity locations: 1) plunging flows, 2) rapids, and 3) overfalls, using drone footage at various discharges to examine flow structure and compare surface velocities with swimming modes. Complex flow within the major hydraulic features highlight the spatial locations requiring anaerobic swimming and areas of potential recovery that change with discharge. This approach can be used to improve the understanding of fish migration limits in a natural river system and aid in future mitigation.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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History

Received: 3 April 2024
Accepted manuscript online: 23 October 2024

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Morgan Jenna Wright [email protected]
Simon Fraser University, Environmental Science, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Simon Fraser University, Geography, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Max Hurson
Simon Fraser University, Environmental Science, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Simon Fraser University, Geography, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Kendra A. Robinson
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
David A Patterson
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Jeremy G Venditti
Simon Fraser University, Environmental Science, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Simon Fraser University, Geography, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

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