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Long-term effects of prescribed burning, tree retention, and browsing on deciduous tree recruitment in European boreal forests

Publication: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
5 November 2020

Abstract

Silvicultural practices, effective fire suppression, and increased browser densities have profoundly altered structural diversity in boreal forests. Prescribed burning and retention forestry may counteract losses in structural diversity in managed forests by maintaining a higher deciduous admixture. We constructed an experiment on 18 sites with three types of timber harvesting (uncut, cut with retention, and clearcut) and burned half of these sites. Subsequently, we established a herbivore treatment with three compartments (unfenced, fenced excluding moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)), and fenced excluding moose and hares (Lepus spp.)). In these compartments, we planted rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.), European aspen (Populus tremula L.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings and monitored these for 17 years. Birch and rowan mortality were lower on cut and burned sites, with retention further enhancing birch survival on these sites. Retention without burning did not lower seedling mortality of any tree species. While browsing resulted in greater mortality on cut sites, burning appeared to greatly reduce browsing on birch and rowan. On mature uncut sites, seedlings of all tree species exhibited high mortality. Our findings show that deciduous tree recruitment can be improved through prescribed burning, particularly for birch and rowan, and that browsing impacts on deciduous trees depend on forest age.

Résumé

Les pratiques sylvicoles, la suppression efficace des feux et l’augmentation de la densité des brouteurs ont profondément altéré la diversité structurelle dans les forêts boréales. Le brûlage dirigé et la coupe à rétention variable peuvent compenser les pertes de diversité structurelle dans les forêts aménagées en maintenant un mélange plus élevé d’espèces feuillues. Dans 18 stations, nous avons mis sur pied une expérience comportant trois types de récolte (aucune coupe, coupe avec rétention d’arbres et coupe rase) ainsi qu’un brûlage dirigé dans la moitié de ces stations. Par la suite, nous avons établi un traitement en ce qui a trait aux herbivores comprenant trois compartiments (pas d’exclos, exclos pour les élans (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) et exclos pour les élans et les lièvres (Lepus spp.)). Dans ces compartiments, nous avons planté des semis de sorbier des oiseleurs (Sorbus aucuparia L.), de tremble d’Europe (Populus tremula L.) et de bouleau verruqueux (Betula pendula Roth), et nous avons effectué un suivi pendant 17 ans. La mortalité du bouleau et du sorbier était plus faible dans les stations coupées et brûlées, et la coupe avec rétention a davantage augmenté la survie du bouleau dans ces stations. La coupe avec rétention sans brûlage dirigé n’a pas réduit la mortalité chez aucune des espèces d’arbres. Alors que le broutement a entraîné plus de mortalité dans les stations coupées, le brûlage dirigé a semblé réduire grandement le broutement du bouleau et du sorbier. Dans les stations matures non coupées, les semis de toutes les espèces d’arbres ont connu une forte mortalité. Nos résultats montrent que le recrutement d’essences feuillues peut être amélioré par le brûlage dirigé, surtout dans le cas du bouleau et du sorbier, et que les impacts du broutement sur les feuillus dépendent de l’âge de la forêt. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Volume 51Number 5May 2021
Pages: 660 - 667

History

Received: 23 May 2020
Accepted: 3 November 2020
Accepted manuscript online: 5 November 2020
Version of record online: 5 November 2020

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Key Words

  1. forest management
  2. moose
  3. natural disturbances
  4. shade-intolerant species
  5. tree recruitment

Mots-clés

  1. aménagement forestier
  2. élan
  3. perturbations naturelles
  4. espèce intolérante à l’ombre
  5. recrutement d’arbres

Authors

Affiliations

Alwin A. Hardenbol [email protected]
University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Michael den Herder
European Forest Institute, Yliopistokatu 6 B, 80100 Joensuu, Finland.
Jari Kouki
University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.

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1. Land-use history, fire regime, and large-mammal herbivory affect deer-preferred plant diversity in longleaf pine woodlands
2. Long-term effects of herbivory on tree growth are not consistent with browsing preferences

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