Review of resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges: purification, upcycling, and application in wastewater treatment
Abstract
This paper discusses the resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges generated as waste products from water treatment, hydrometallurgy, surface finishing, and dye chemical industries. Apart from the conventional landfill disposal of such sludges, the work focuses on sludge purification for new commercial products, including iron red/black dyes, an iron concentrate powder, a polyferric flocculant, a catalyst, and a magnetic adsorbent. Among such purifications, a new strategy was developed to recycle Fe-rich sludges for a new Fe/S-bearing flocculant. Given that Fe-rich sludges may contain rare and/or heavy metals, the purification of sludges as high-purity hematite nanoparticles and other valuable products is detailed as a new insight. Accordingly, the mechanisms for the phase transformation of Fe-bearing minerals and the purification of valuable Fe oxides are deeply considered. The work summarizes the pilot- and/or field-scale application for recycling of Fe-rich sludge and proposes the development of a new Fe/S flocculant and a high-purity hematite product.
Résumé
Cet article traite de l’utilisation à titre de ressource des boues riches en Fe générées comme déchets par le traitement de l’eau, l’hydrométallurgie, la finition de surface et les industries chimiques de teinture. Hormis l’élimination conventionnelle de ces boues par la mise en décharge, le travail s’est concentré sur la purification des boues vers la production de nouveaux produits commerciaux, notamment de colorant rouge/noir de fer, de poudre concentrée de fer, de floculant polyferrique, de catalyseur et d’adsorbant magnétique. Parmi ces processus de purification, une nouvelle stratégie a été développée pour recycler les boues riches en Fe comme nouveau floculant contenant du Fe/S. Puisque les boues riches en Fe peuvent contenir des métaux rares ou lourds, la purification des boues sous forme de nanoparticules d’hématite de haute pureté et d’autres produits d’intérêt a été détaillée comme une nouvelle idée. En conséquence, les mécanismes de la transformation de phase des minéraux contenant du Fe et la purification des oxydes de Fe intéressants ont été examinés en profondeur. Ce travail résume l’application à l’échelle pilote ou sur le terrain en vue du recyclage des boues riches en Fe et propose le développement d’un nouveau floculant Fe/S et d’un nouveau produit d’hématite de haute pureté. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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Environmental Reviews
Volume 30 • Number 3 • September 2022
Pages: 460 - 484
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Received: 13 April 2021
Accepted: 14 January 2022
Accepted manuscript online: 19 July 2022
Published online: 19 July 2022
Version of record online: 19 July 2022
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Chen Yu, Liang Dongxu, Chen Hongyu, Zhu Suiyi, Wang Xianze, Yang Jiakuan, Xie Xinfeng, Joseph Eskola, and Bian Dejun. 2022. Review of resource utilization of Fe-rich sludges: purification, upcycling, and application in wastewater treatment. Environmental Reviews.
30(3): 460-484. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2021-0038
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