research-article

A length-based multispecies model for evaluating community responses to fishing

Publication: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences1 June 2006https://doi.org/10.1139/f06-039

Abstract

Quantitative ecosystem indicators are needed to fulfill the mandate for ecosystem-based fisheries management. A variety of community metrics could potentially be used, but before reference levels for such indices can be established the sensitivity of candidate indices to fishing and other disturbances must be determined. One approach for obtaining such information is to test candidate indicators with models that mimic real ecosystems and can be manipulated experimentally. Here we construct a size-based multispecies model of a community of fish species that interact by predation. The model was parameterized for 21 fish species to obtain a predation-regulated community. Following an analysis of the sensitivity of the model to parameter uncertainty, we tested the sensitivity of community-level indicators to increasing levels of fishing mortality (F). Abundance and biomass spectra were sensitive to fishing mortality, with the slope decreasing with increasing F. Species diversity size spectra were also very sensitive to F, with diversity in the largest size classes declining rapidly. In contrast, k-dominance curves were less sensitive to fishing pressure. Importantly, however, although most community-level metrics showed clear trends in response to fishing, single-species declines in spawning stock biomass were the most sensitive indicators of fishing effects.

Résumé

Des indicateurs écosystémiques quantitatifs sont nécessaires afin de remplir le mandat de la gestion des pêches basée sur les écosystèmes. On peut utiliser une variété de métriques de la communauté, mais avant que les niveaux de référence de ces indices puissent être établis, il faut déterminer la sensibilité des indices à la pêche et aux autres perturbations. Une façon d'obtenir cette information est de tester les indicateurs considérés avec des modèles qui reproduisent de vrais écosystèmes et qui peuvent être manipulés expérimentalement. Nous construisons ici un modèle multispécifique structuré d'après la taille d'une communauté de poissons qui interagissent par prédation. Nous avons déterminé les paramètres pour 21 espèces de poissons de manière à obtenir une communauté contrôlée par la prédation. Après une analyse de sensibilité du modèle à l'incertitudes des paramètres, nous avons évalué la sensibilité des indicateurs de type communautaire à des niveaux croissants de mortalité due à la pêche (F). Les spectres d'abondance et de biomasse sont sensibles à la mortalité due à la pêche et leur pente diminue en fonction inverse de F. Les spectres de diversité spécifique en fonction de la taille sont aussi très sensibles à F et la diversité dans les classes de tailles plus grandes décline rapidement. En revanche, les courbes de dominance k sont moins sensibles à la pression de pêche. De façon importante, cependant, alors que la plupart des métriques de type communautaire montrent des tendances claires en réaction à la pêche, les diminutions de la biomasse du stock des reproducteurs d'espèces individuelles sont les indicateurs les plus sensibles aux effets de la pêche.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences cover image
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Volume 63Number 61 June 2006
Pages: 1344 - 1359

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Stephen J Hall
Jeremy S Collie
Daniel E Duplisea
Simon Jennings
Mark Bravington
Jason Link

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