Role of histone acetylation in the control of gene expression
Abstract
Histone proteins play structural and functional roles in all nuclear processes. They undergo different types of covalent modifications, defined in their ensemble as epigenetic because changes in DNA sequences are not involved. Histone acetylation emerges as a central switch that allows interconversion between permissive and repressive chromatin domains in terms of transcriptional competence. The mechanisms underlying the histone acetylation-dependent control of gene expression include a direct effect on the stability of nucleosomal arrays and the creation of docking sites for the binding of regulatory proteins. Histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases are, respectively, the enzymes devoted to the addition and removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on the histone N-terminal tails. The enzymes exert fundamental roles in developmental processes and their deregulation has been linked to the progression of diverse human disorders, including cancer.Key words: gene expression, transcription, HATs, HDACs, nucleosome.
Résumé
Les protéines histoniques jouent des rôles structurales et fonctionnels dans tous les processus nucléaires. Elles sont soumises à types différents de modifications covalentes, sont définies dans leur ensemble comme épigénétiques à cause de la non-implication des séquences de l'ADN. L'acétylation des histones constitue un interrupteur central permettant la interconversion entre les domaines permissifs et répressifs en termes de compétence transcriptionelle. Les mécanismes à la base du contrôle de l'expression des gènes dépendante de l'acétylation des histones incluent un effet direct sur la stabilité des ensembles nucleosomiques et la création de sites d'amarrage pour la liaison des protéines régulatrices. Les acétyltransferases et les déacétylases sont enzymes dédiés respectivement à l'addition et au déplacement de groups acétyliques des résidus de lysine des queues N-terminales des histones. Ces enzymes-ci jouent des rôles fondamentaux dans les processus du développement et, encore plus important, leur dérégulation a été liée à la progression de nombreux désordres humains, cancer inclus.Mots clés : expression génique, transcription, HATs, HDACs, nucleosomes.
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Published In
Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Volume 83 • Number 3 • June 2005
Pages: 344 - 353
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Version of record online: 24 January 2011
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Loredana Verdone, Micaela Caserta, and Ernesto Di Mauro. 2005. Role of histone acetylation in the control of gene expression. Biochemistry and Cell Biology.
83(3): 344-353. https://doi.org/10.1139/o05-041
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