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Open access

The responses of growing pigs exposed to cold with varying amounts of straw bedding

Publication: Canadian Journal of Animal Science
December 2000

Abstract

Confinement housing of pigs allows optimal thermal conditions to be maintained thus reducing the thermal demand placed on the pig. Alternatives tend to cost less to construct, use less energy to operate and possibly have higher welfare standards than conventional housing; however, the thermal demand on the pig could be greater. An experiment consisting of two trials was conducted to examine the effect of varying amounts of straw bedding on the performance and behaviour of growing pigs while exposed to cold conditions. Four straw bedding treatments were studied and referred to as Least (20 kg), Medium-low (80 kg), Medium-high (137 kg) and Most (196 kg) straw usage. Results from the analysis of the two trials indicated that pigs with the three greatest amounts of straw gained more weight than pigs with the Least straw (P < 0.05). Pigs with the Least straw huddled with a sternal posture and piled more than pigs in the other three treatments (P < 0.05). Pigs with the two highest amounts of straw adopted a lateral posture while huddling more than pigs with the two lowest amounts of straw (P < 0.05). Pigs with the Most straw were also lying alone with a lateral posture more than pigs with the two lowest amounts of straw, and burrowed more than pigs in the other three treatments (P < 0.05). This study provides information on the adaptability of growing pigs exposed to different environmental conditions. Straw bedding was shown to be an important resource used by pigs to aid in thermoregulation in cold environments. Behavioural responses were also shown to be an effective means of adaptation. Key words: Straw bedding, cold conditions, thermoregulation, pigs, behaviour, performance

Résumé

L'élevage en claustration des porcs assure le maintien de conditions thermiques optimales et permet ainsi de réduire les dépenses énergétiques imposées aux animaux pour se réchauffer. En plus d'être généralement plus économiques, d'autres solutions de logement peuvent éventuellement procurer un niveau de bienêtre supérieur à celui des logements classiques, encore qu'elles imposent aux porcs une demande énergétique supérieure. L'objet d'une expérience, conduite en 2 essais, était d'examiner l'effet de diverses quantités de litière paillée sur les performances et sur le comportement de porcs en croissance exposés au froid. Quatre quantités de litière étaient comparées: minimale (20 kg), moyenne-inférieure (80 kg), moyenne-supérieure (137 kg) et maximale (196 kg) par parquet de 7,81 m2. L'analyse des résultats des deux essais fait voir que les porcs disposant des trois quantités supérieures de paille prenaient plus de poids que ceux logés dans la litière minimale (P < 0,05). Ces derniers se blotissaient les uns contre les autres en position sternale et s'entassaient davantage que ceux des trois autres régimes (P < 0,05). Les porcs logés dans les deux quantités supérieures de paille étaient plus frequement couchés en position latérale et serrés les uns contre les autres que les porcs logés dans les deux quantités inférieures (P < 0,05). Les porcs disposant de la quantité maximale de paille se couchaient plus souvent isolément et sur le côté que ceux des deux traitements inférieurs et avaient tendance à s'enfouir dans la paille plus souvent que ceux des trois autres traitements (P < 0,05). Ces observations nous enseignent sur l'adaptibilité des porcs en croissance à diverses conditions environnementales. La litière de paille s'est révélée pour les porcs un important outil de thermorégulation en milieu froid. Les réactions comportementales étaient, elles aussi, un moyen efficace d'adaptation. Mots clés: Litière de paille, condition froide, thermorégulation, porcs, comportement, performances

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cover image Canadian Journal of Animal Science
Canadian Journal of Animal Science
Volume 80Number 4December 2000
Pages: 539 - 546

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Version of record online: 21 March 2011

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9. Air exchanges and indoor carbon dioxide concentration in Australian pig buildings: Effect of housing and management factors
10. A meta-analysis of the combined effect of housing and environmental enrichment characteristics on the behaviour and performance of pigs

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