Acute dietary nitrate supplementation does not augment submaximal forearm exercise hyperemia in healthy young men

Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism15 October 2014https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0228

Abstract

Despite the popularity of dietary nitrate supplementation and the growing evidence base of its potential ergogenic and vascular health benefits, there is no direct information about its effects on exercising limb blood flow in humans. We hypothesized that acute dietary nitrate supplementation from beetroot juice would augment the increases in forearm blood flow, as well as the progressive dilation of the brachial artery, during graded handgrip exercise in healthy young men. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 12 young (22 ± 2 years) healthy men consumed a beetroot juice (140 mL Beet-It Sport, James White Juice Company) that provided 12.9 mmol (0.8 g) of nitrate or placebo (nitrate-depleted Beet-It Sport) on 2 study visits. At 3 h postconsumption, brachial artery diameter, flow, and blood velocity were measured (Doppler ultrasound) at rest and during 6 exercise intensities. Nitrate supplementation raised plasma nitrate (19.5-fold) and nitrite (1.6-fold) concentrations, and lowered resting arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) versus placebo (all p < 0.05), indicating absorption, conversion, and a biological effect of this supplement. The supplement-associated lowering of PWV was also negatively correlated with plasma nitrite (r = –0.72, p = 0.0127). Despite these systemic effects, nitrate supplementation had no effect on brachial artery diameter, flow, or shear rates at rest (all p ≥ 0.28) or during any exercise workload (all p ≥ 0.18). These findings suggest that acute dietary nitrate supplementation favorably modifies arterial PWV, but does not augment blood flow or brachial artery vasodilation during nonfatiguing forearm exercise in healthy young men.

Résumé

En dépit de la popularité des suppléments de nitrate alimentaire et du nombre croissant d’études probantes au sujet de son potentiel ergogène et de ses bienfaits en santé vasculaire, il n’y a pas d’études directes chez des humains au sujet de ses effets sur le débit sanguin des membres à l’effort. Nous posons l’hypothèse selon laquelle un supplément de nitrate alimentaire provenant du jus de betterave accroît le débit sanguin dans l’avant-bras et suscite une dilatation graduelle de l’artère brachiale au cours d’un exercice de préhension manuelle d’intensité croissante chez de jeunes hommes en bonne santé. Selon un devis aléatoire à double insu dans une étude croisée avec groupe placebo de contrôle, douze jeunes hommes (22 ± 2 ans) en bonne santé consomment du jus de betterave (140 mL Beet-It Sport, James White Juice Company) procurant 12,9 mmol (0,8 g) de nitrate ou un placebo (boisson Beet-It Sport vidée de son nitrate) en deux séances distinctes. Trois heures après la consommation, on évalue par ultrasonographie Doppler le diamètre, le flot et le débit sanguin de l’artère brachiale au repos et au cours de six intensités d’exercice. La supplémentation en nitrate suscite une augmentation de la concentration plasmatique de nitrate (19,5 fois) et de nitrite (1,6 fois) et une diminution de la vélocité de l’onde pulsatile (« PWV ») dans l’artère au repos comparativement à la condition de placebo (p < 0,05 pour toutes les différences), ce qui indique l’absorption, la conversion et l’effet biologique de ce supplément. La diminution de la PWV associée à la supplémentation est inversement reliée à la concentration plasmatique de nitrite (r = –0,72, p = 0,0127). Même en présence de ces effets systémiques, la supplémentation n’a pas d’effet sur le diamètre, le flot et le taux de cisaillement de l’artère brachiale au repos (p ≥ 0,28 pour toutes les différences) et à toutes les intensités d’exercice (p ≥ 0,18 pour toutes les différences). D’après ces observations, la simple supplémentation en nitrate alimentaire modifie favorablement la PWV artérielle, mais n’améliore pas le débit sanguin ou la vasodilatation de l’artère brachiale au cours d’un exercice non épuisant de l’avant-bras chez de jeunes hommes en bonne santé. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism cover image
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Volume 40Number 2February 2015
Pages: 122 - 128

History

Received: 21 June 2014
Accepted: 2 October 2014
Published online: 15 October 2014

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Key Words

  1. inorganic nitrate
  2. vascular function
  3. pulse wave velocity

Mots-clés

  1. nitrate inorganique
  2. fonction vasculaire
  3. vélocité de l’onde pulsatile

Authors

Affiliations

Jin-Kwang Kim
Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
David J. Moore
Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
David G. Maurer
Department of Kinesiology, 105 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
Department of Physics and the Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
Swati Basu
Department of Physics and the Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
Michael P. Flanagan
Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 10733, USA.
Ann C. Skulas-Ray
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Penny Kris-Etherton
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
David N. Proctor
Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, 105 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

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