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Effect of 7 days of exercise on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and insulin resistance in children with obesity

Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
2 February 2018

Abstract

The capacity to match carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation with CHO availability (deemed metabolic flexibility (MetFlex)) may be important for type 2 diabetes prevention. In adults, impaired MetFlex is associated with insulin resistance (IR), which can be improved with as little as 7 days of exercise. Whether this occurs similarly in children is unknown. We hypothesized that 7 consecutive days of exercise would improve MetFlex and IR in children with obesity. Twelve children (8 boys, 4 girls) completed 2 study visits before (PRE) and 2 study visits after (POST) exercise training. At visit 1, fasting blood was collected, and anthropometry and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed. At visit 2, a 13C-enriched CHO drink was ingested before exercise (3 × 20 min) at ∼59% maximal oxygen uptake. Exogenous CHO oxidative efficiency, used as a surrogate measurement of MetFlex, was calculated from breath samples. During training, participants alternated between continuous and high-intensity interval cycling sessions at home under supervision. In spite of good training adherence, there was no improvement in MetFlex (PRE: 20.7% ± 1.8%, POST: 18.9% ± 4.9%, p = 0.22) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (PRE: 8.7 ± 4.6, POST: 8.1 ± 6.0, p = 0.51). Future research should investigate exercise volume, sex, and pubertal effects on the early responsiveness of MetFlex to exercise therapy.

Résumé

L’aptitude à apparier l’oxydation des sucres (« CHO ») à leur disponibilité (flexibilité métabolique (« MetFlex »)) peut s’avérer importante dans la prévention du diabète de type 2. Chez les adultes, un dérèglement de la MetFlex est associé à l’insulinorésistance (« IR ») qui peut être améliorée avec aussi peu que 7 jours d’exercice physique. On ne sait pas si cela se produit chez les enfants. Nous posons l’hypothèse selon laquelle 7 jours d’exercice physique améliorent la MetFlex et l’IR chez des enfants obèses. Douze enfants (8 garçons, 4 filles) participent à deux séances avant (« PRE ») et à deux autres séances après (« POST ») un entraînement physique. Au cours de la séance 1, on prélève un échantillon de sang à jeun, on mesure des caractéristiques physiques et on évalue la consommation maximale d’oxygène. Au cours de la séance 2, les enfants consomment une boisson sucrée enrichie en 13C avant de réaliser un exercice (3 × 20 min) sollicitant ∼59 % de la consommation maximale d’oxygène. On utilise des échantillons du souffle respiratoire pour calculer l’efficacité oxydative du CHO exogène qui est une mesure de substitution de la MetFlex. Durant la période d’entraînement physique sous supervision au domicile, les participants alternent entre des séances de pédalage en continu et par intervalles d’intensité élevée. Nonobstant une bonne persévérance à l’entraînement, on n’observe pas d’amélioration de la MetFlex (PRE : 20,7 ± 1,8 %, POST : 18,9 ± 4,9 %, p = 0,22) et de homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (PRE : 8,7 ± 4,6, POST : 8,1 ± 6,0, p = 0,51). Les prochaines études devraient analyser le volume d’exercice physique, le sexe et les effets de la puberté sur la réactivité précoce de la MetFlex à la thérapie par l’exercice physique. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Published In

cover image Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Volume 43Number 7July 2018
Pages: 677 - 683

History

Received: 7 June 2017
Accepted: 23 January 2018
Accepted manuscript online: 2 February 2018
Version of record online: 2 February 2018

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Key Words

  1. metabolic flexibility
  2. children
  3. obesity
  4. exercise training
  5. insulin resistance

Mots-clés

  1. flexibilité métabolique
  2. enfants
  3. obésité
  4. entraînement physique
  5. insulinorésistance

Authors

Affiliations

Lisa Chu
Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
Katherine M. Morrison
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
Michael C. Riddell
School of Kinesiology & Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Sandeep Raha
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
Brian W. Timmons [email protected]
Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.

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