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The taxonomy of the Viola nuttallii complex

Publication: Canadian Journal of Botany
December 1987

Abstract

Morphological, cytological, and phytochemical data were incorporated into numerical and statistical analyses to produce a revision of Viola subsection Nuttallianae. A basic chromosome number of x = 6 was confirmed for this polyploid complex, which includes five species: V. vallicola, 2n = 12; V. tomentosa, 2n = 12; V. nuttallii, 2n = 24; V. praemorsa, 2n = 36 and 48; and V. bakeri, 2n = 48. Departures from recent authors include the recognition of two varieties in V. vallicola, vallicola and major (Hook.) Fabijan, based on flavonoid chemistry and distribution. Viola praemorsa is envisaged as embracing a wide range of morphological and chemical diversity, the extremes of which are recognized as the subspecies praemorsa, flavovirens (Pollard) Fabijan, and linguaefolia. In the absence of significant morphological or distributional differences between the V. linguaefolia and V. praemorsa subspecies major (sensu Baker and Clausen) and oregona, these three previously recognized taxa are included in subspecies linguaefolia. Based on cytological, morphological, and flavonoid data presented here, possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed.

Résumé

Des données morphologiques, cytologiques et phytochimiques ont été incorporées à des analyses numériques et statistiques pour obtenir une révision du genre Viola sous-section Nuttallianae. Un nombre chromosomique de base de x = 6 a été confirmé pour ce complexe polyploïde qui comprend cinq espèces : V. vallicola, 2n = 12; V. tomentosa, 2n = 12; V. nuttallii, 2n = 24; V. praemorsa, 2n = 36 et 48; et V. bakeri, 2n = 48. Les écarts par rapport à certains auteurs récents comprenaient la reconnaissance de deux variétés du V. vallicola, vallicola et major (Hook.) Fabijan, fondée sur la chimie et les patrons de distribution des flavonoïdes. Le Viola praemorsa est envisagé comme incluant des diversités morphologiques et chimiques importantes dont les extrêmes sont reconnus comme les sous-espèces praemorsa, flavovirens (Pollard) Fabijan et linguaefolia. En l'absence de différences morphologiques ou distributionnelles significatives entre le V. linguaefolia et le V. praemorsa sous-espèce major (sensu Baker et Clausen) et oregona, ces trois taxons, reconnus jadis comme étant distincts, sont inclus dans la sous-espèce linguaefolia. Les liens phylogéniques basés sur les données cytologiques, morphologiques et flavonoïdes présentées ici sont discutés. [Traduit par la revue]

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cover image Canadian Journal of Botany
Canadian Journal of Botany
Volume 65Number 12December 1987
Pages: 2562 - 2580

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Version of record online: 31 January 2011

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Cited by

1. A taxonomic treatment of the violets (Violaceae) of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada 1
2. A Revised Phylogenetic Classification for Viola (Violaceae)
3. A revised phylogenetic classification for Viola (Violaceae)
4. Comparative palynology and seed morphology in annual pansies ( Viola sect. Melanium, Violaceae): implications for species delimitation
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6. Inferring Species Networks from Gene Trees in High-Polyploid North American and Hawaiian Violets (Viola, Violaceae)
7. Establishing the phylogenetic origin, history, and age of the narrow endemic Viola guadalupensis (Violaceae)
8. Beyond Simple Reproductive Assurance: Cleistogamy Allows Adaptive Plastic Responses to Pollen Limitation
9. Pollen limitation and cleistogamy in subalpine Viola praemorsa

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