Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation1
Abstract
The Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta, Canada, has produced one of the most diverse dinosaur faunas, with the record favouring large-bodied taxa, in terms of number and completeness of skeletons. Although small theropods are well documented in the assemblage, taxonomic assessments are frequently based on isolated, fragmentary skeletal elements. Here we reassess DPF theropod biodiversity using morphological comparisons, high-resolution biostratigraphy, and morphometric analyses, with a focus on specimens/taxa originally described from isolated material. In addition to clarifying taxic diversity, we test whether DPF theropods preserve faunal zonation/turnover patterns similar to those previously documented for megaherbivores. Frontal bones referred to a therizinosaur (cf. Erlikosaurus), representing among the only skeletal record of the group from the Campanian–Maastrichtian (83–66 Ma) fossil record of North America, plot most closely to troodontids in morphospace, distinct from non-DPF therizinosaurs, a placement supported by a suite of troodontid anatomical frontal characters. Postcranial material referred to cf. Erlikosaurus in North America is also reviewed and found most similar in morphology to caenagnathids, rather than therizinosaurs. Among troodontids, we document considerable morphospace and biostratigraphic overlap between Stenonychosaurus and the recently described Latenivenatrix, as well as a variable distribution of putatively autapomorphic characters, calling the validity of the latter taxon into question. Biostratigraphically, there are no broad-scale patterns of faunal zonation similar to those previously documented in ornithischians from the DPF, with many theropods ranging throughout much of the formation and overlapping extensively, possibly reflecting a lack of sensitivity to environmental changes, or other cryptic ecological or evolutionary factors.
Résumé
La Formation de Dinosaur Park (FDP) d’Alberta (Canada) a produit un des assemblages de dinosaures les plus variés, les taxons à grands corps y étant préférentiellement représentés pour ce qui est tant du nombre et que de la complétude des squelettes, dans les fossiles prélevés. Si de petits théropodes dans l’assemblage sont bien documentés, les évaluations taxonomiques reposent souvent sur des éléments de squelette fragmentaires isolés. Nous évaluons la biodiversité des théropodes de la FDP en utilisant des comparaisons morphologiques, la biostratigraphie de haute résolution et des analyses morphométriques, en mettant l’accent sur les spécimens/taxons décrits à l’origine à partir de matériau isolé. En plus de clarifier la diversité taxique, nous vérifions si les théropodes de la FDP préservent des motifs de zonation/renouvellement semblables aux motifs documentés précédemment pour les mégaherbivores. Des os frontaux affectés à un thérizinosaure (cf. Erlikosaurus), représentant le seul élément squelettique du groupe dans le registre fossile campanien-maastrichtien (83–66 Ma) d’Amérique du Nord, tombent le plus près de troodontidés dans l’espace morphométrique, distincts des thérizinosaures ne provenant pas de la FDP, un positionnement appuyé par une série de caractères anatomiques d’os frontaux de troodontidés. Du matériau postcrânien affecté à cf. Erlikosaurus en Amérique du Nord est également examiné et révèle une morphologie s’apparentant plus aux caenagnathidés qu’aux thérizinosaures. Au sein des troodontidés, nous documentons un chevauchement biostratigraphique et dans l’espace morphométrique considérable entre Stenonychosaurus et Latenivenatrix, récemment décrit, ainsi qu’une répartition variable de caractères présumément autapomorphes, ce qui remet en question la validité du deuxième de ces taxons. Du point de vue biostratigraphique, il n’y a pas de motif à grande échelle de zonation faunique semblable à ceux documentés précédemment chez les ornithischiens de la FDP, de nombreux théropodes étant présents dans la majeure partie de la formation et se chevauchant largement, ce qui pourrait refléter une absence de sensibilité aux changements ambiants ou d’autres facteurs écologiques et évolutionnaires cryptiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
Volume 58 • Number 9 • September 2021
Pages: 870 - 884
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Received: 6 August 2020
Accepted: 18 December 2020
Version of record online: 30 June 2021
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Thomas M. Cullen, Lindsay Zanno, Derek W. Larson, Erinn Todd, Philip J. Currie, and David C. Evans. 2021. Anatomical, morphometric, and stratigraphic analyses of theropod biodiversity in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation1. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences.
58(9): 870-884. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0145
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1. Multiple lines of evidence support anagenesis in Daspletosaurus and cladogenesis in derived tyrannosaurines
2. GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC APPROACH TO ESTABLISH PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF ENIGMATIC PTEROSAUR SPECIMENS FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF SOUTH KOREA
3. Early Cretaceous troodontine troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Ohyamashimo Formation of Japan reveals the early evolution of Troodontinae
4. Occurrence of Centrosaurus apertus (Ceratopsidae: Centrosaurinae) in Saskatchewan, Canada, and expanded dinosaur diversity in the easternmost exposure of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation
5. The macroecology of Mesozoic dinosaurs
6. New biogeochemical insights into Mesozoic terrestrial paleoecology and evidence for omnivory in troodontid dinosaurs
7. Early Cretaceous Troodontine Troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Ohyamashimo Formation of Japan Reveals the Early Evolution of Troodontinae
8. Caenagnathids (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria) from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the Scollard Formation of Alberta, Canada
9. Exceptionally preserved stomach contents of a young tyrannosaurid reveal an ontogenetic dietary shift in an iconic extinct predator
10. Calibrating geologic strata, dinosaurs, and other fossils at Dinosaur Provincial Park (Alberta, Canada) using a new CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology
11. Neuroanatomy of the late Cretaceous Thescelosaurus neglectus (Neornithischia: Thescelosauridae) reveals novel ecological specialisations within Dinosauria
12. An unusual microsite from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada
13. Description of the first definitive
Corythosaurus
(Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae) specimens from the Judith River Formation in Montana, USA and their paleobiogeographical significance
14. Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America
15. Insufficient Evidence for Multiple Species of Tyrannosaurus in the Latest Cretaceous of North America: A Comment on “The Tyrant Lizard King, Queen and Emperor: Multiple Lines of Morphological and Stratigraphic Evidence Support Subtle Evolution and Probable Speciation Within the North American Genus Tyrannosaurus”
16. Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America
17. 40 new specimens of
Ichthyornis
provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds
18. Forty new specimens of
Ichthyornis
provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds
19. Special Issue in honour of Dale Alan Russell (1937–2019)1
20. First articulated ornithomimid specimens from the upper Maastrichtian Scollard Formation of Alberta, Canada
21. The cranial anatomy of the long-snouted tyrannosaurid dinosaur
Qianzhousaurus sinensis
from the Upper Cretaceous of China
22. The phylogenetic affinities and morphological peculiarities of the bird-like dinosaur
Borogovia gracilicrus
from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia
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