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Ultrastructure of uterine trophonemata, accommodation for uterolactation, and gas exchange in the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana

Publication: Canadian Journal of Zoology
August 1996

Abstract

The southern stingray, Dasyatis americana, displays aplacental viviparity, embryos being retained in the maternal uterus throughout gestation and initially nourished by the yolk sac contents. During gestation the uterus develops vascularized appendages, trophonemata, that secrete viscous nutrient histotroph that is subsequently ingested by the embryo as it grows to term. There is a 3750% increase in wet mass from the egg to the term fetus. Trophonemata are 1.5 cm long, narrower at the base, and spatulate at the tip. Surface epithelial cells form a pattern of surface cables, each with a small blood vessel at its core. In females containing fertilized eggs, the epithelium is simple and cuboidal. In contrast, in uteri containing late-term fetuses, the epithelium is squamous. Epithelial cells, with periodic acid – Schiff positive cytoplasmic vesicles, form invaginated crypts. Epithelial cells produce proteinaceous, mucous, and lipid secretions, thus we have coined the term uterolactation to describe this phenomenon.

Résumé

La pastenague Dasyatis americana se reproduit par viviparité aplacentaire et ses embryons restent dans l'utérus maternel pendant toute la gestation et sont d'abord alimentés à même le contenu du sac vitellin. Au cours de la gestation, l'utérus émet des appendices vascularisés, les trophonèmes, qui sécrètent un produit histotrophe visqueux qui sera éventuellement ingéré par l'embryon au cours de sa croissance. L'embryon augmente sa masse fraîche de 3750% entre le stade oeuf et le stade fétus à terme. Les trophonèmes ont 1,5 cm de longueur, ils sont plus étroits à la base et ont une extrémité en spatule. Les cellules épithéliales de surface forment un réseau de câbles, chacun irrigué par un petit vaisseau sanguin en son centre. Chez les femelles qui contiennent des oeufs fécondés, l'épithélium est simple et cuboïde. En revanche, chez les femelles qui contiennent des fétus presque à terme, l'épithélium est squameux. Les cellules épithéliales, qui comportent des vésicules cytoplasmiques qui se colorent au PAS, forment des cryptes invaginées. Les cellules épithéliales produisent des sécrétions protéinées, muqueuses et lipides et c'est pour cette raison que nous avons utilisé le terme utérolactation pour décrire les premières phases d'alimentation des petites pastenagues.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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cover image Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Volume 74Number 8August 1996
Pages: 1417 - 1430

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Version of record online: 15 February 2011

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